The importance of the human microbiome for human health is well established and there has been considerable emphasis on supporting our bacterial populations. The human microbiome is, however, composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities forming an ecosystem made up of not only bacteria, but also fungi, yeasts, viruses, algae, helminths and other components. In addition, bacteria tend to thrive in an environment that is suitable for them, thus their composition, abundance, diversity and rate of replication depends on an optimal microbiome environment. This presentation introduces a new generation of probiotic therapies that modulate the human microbiome through a more holistic approach that recognises the beneficial interplay that has evolved between us, as hosts, as well as the diverse communities that make up our complex microbial ecosystem. We will also share research findings and targeted intervention strategies to support microbiome health across different clinical settings.