Grounded in current research and illustrated through real classroom examples, this session demonstrates how teachers can use observational checklists, rubrics, and anecdotal notes to capture authentic evidence of student learning. Participants will see how observational data—when collected systematically and interpreted through clear criteria—supports instructional decision‑making at both the classroom and MTSS system levels. Through annotated tools, vignettes, and think‑aloud analysis, the session models how to move from “noticing” to actionable next steps. Pause‑and‑reflect prompts invite educators to connect ideas to their own settings, and a curated resource list extends learning beyond the presentation. Educators will leave with a practical framework for using observational evidence to differentiate instruction, monitor growth, and plan targeted interventions that honor the developmental needs of PreK–2 learners.