As the industry moves from function-specific hardware and software to centralized in-vehicle computing and software-defined vehicles, it is clear that Linux will play a significant role in future vehicle platforms. Linux has a long and proven history in other industries and is extremely flexible, which makes it a natural choice for automotive applications. But as OEMs introduce applications with specialized requirements — especially around functional safety for fully or partially automated driving — there is a need for a realtime operating system (RTOS) hat is optimized for deterministic latency in safety critical use cases. In evaluations of potential future in-vehicle software architectures, it is important to understand the relative strengths of Linux and RTOSes and how they complement each other in this changing landscape.