B1- It Takes a Village: A Scoping Review of Social Prescribing for Postpartum Women
Introduction: The postpartum period presents unique challenges that significantly impact maternal mental health, with one in five mothers experiencing perinatal depression and anxiety. Social prescribing (i.e., connecting individuals to non-clinical community supports through link workers) offers a promising approach that aligns with evidence showing the importance of community support for maternal wellbeing. While social prescribing has demonstrated improvements in quality of life and reduced social isolation across various populations, its application for postpartum mothers remains critically under-researched. This scoping review aimed to systematically map existing evidence on social prescribing and similar community referral approaches for supporting postpartum mothers, identifying implementation models, outcomes, and knowledge gaps.
Method: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across four primary databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science) and grey literature from November-December 2024. Two researchers independently screened abstracts using ASReview machine learning-aided pipeline. Studies were included if they examined social prescribing or community referral interventions for postpartum mothers (up to 12 months after birth), were published in English, and included peer-reviewed research, service evaluations, or program reports. Data were extracted using a structured framework and synthesised thematically using Kimberlee's social prescribing typology.
Results: From 13,851 abstracts screened, 33 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 15 RCTs, 6 qualitative studies, and 12 other designs, primarily from the UK, Australia, and USA. Interventions included social support (n=23), education/information (n=16), physical wellbeing (n=11), creative/recreational activities (n=10), therapeutic support (n=9), and service navigation (n=7). Most interventions were categorised as 'light' social prescribing, often lacking formal referral systems or link worker involvement. Consistent positive outcomes included reduced social isolation, improved mental health, enhanced parenting confidence, and better mother-infant bonding. Social connection emerged as the most reliable positive outcome across studies.
Discussion: This review reveals significant untapped potential for comprehensive social prescribing models addressing the multifaceted challenges of postpartum transition. While existing evidence highlights benefits for social connection and mental health, most interventions represent light-touch approaches rather than holistic models addressing broader social determinants of health. The postpartum period presents a critical window for interventions that can yield intergenerational benefits for both maternal wellbeing and child development. Future research should prioritise developing and evaluating comprehensive, co-designed interventions that systematically address housing, food security, healthcare navigation, and community connection—empowering mothers to co-create personalised support networks during this vulnerable transition period.